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In this situation, electrical energy transfer occurs by electronically connecting the inlet and outlet by a wire. The important difference is that the osmotic power generation requires an ion concentration gradient and external pressure cannot be used. That method extracts power from mixing salt solutions of different concentrations using a nano porous material including carbon 25, aluminum oxide 26, or silicon nitride 27.

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Based on these concepts and technologies, our aim in this study was to investigate the pore size effect on the generation performance, and to develop an actual energy harvesting device consisting of the porous glass filter and foot press unit to transfer the force of an experimenter’s foot pressing to the power generator to demonstrate actual energy harvesting.Ī similar power generation method, osmotic power generation by nano pore membranes, is well known 24. Numerous technologies exist to fabricate many kinds of glass based microfluidic devices 23. Although porous glass was previously used for power generation 22, the power is still low because the fabrication of a porous glass filter has not been optimized for power generation. We used porous glass to increase the pore channel numbers based on an investigation and optimization of the device fabrication process. However, such power generation devices are not powerful enough for energy harvesting because the generated current per channel is generally very small (picoampere order). There have been reports of water pressure driven power generation using glass channels made by top-down micro or nano fabrication methods 18, 19, 20, 21. On the other hand, glass is hard and robust and a high pressure can be applied to it. However, it is difficult to apply a high pressure to these materials due to their fragility, and therefore the power that they can generate is not so high. There have been some reports on power generation devices based on this principle that use glass coated silicon 15, metal–carbon composite 16, or cellulose 17. This approach is useful for small frequency vibrations because energy generation continues as long as water exists in the device.

The detailed principle is explained below. In this paper, we focus on the phenomena occurring in a pressure driven electric energy generation device by the interaction between pure water and a surface charged solid (a glass filter). Therefore, it is difficult for these devices to fully exploit a human being’s regular slow physiological motions, e.g. Piezoelectric devices or electrostatic devices can be miniaturized, but the conversion efficiency is decreased when the vibration frequency is small (e.g. However, miniaturized electromagnetic induction devices generally have low efficiency which is undesirable. For instance, electromagnetic induction devices 4, 5, 6, piezoelectric (electromechanical material) devices 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and electrostatic devices 12, 13, 14 have been developed and used. Among them, mechanical energy harvesting that obtains electrical energy from mechanical motions of oscillation and vibration is quite familiar to everyone and large amounts of energy can be obtained 2, 3. Light, thermal and mechanical energies are usually used for energy harvesting. walking.Įnergy harvesting is a promising technology to power multiple small electronic devices in the future Internet of things (IoT) society 1. Our pressure driven device is suitable for energy harvesting from slow movements like certain human physiological functions, e.g. This was enough power for direct LED lighting and the capacitors could store enough energy to rotate a fan and operate a wireless communicator.

The optimum average pore radius for power generation in this experiment was 12 μm and power of 4.8 mW (18 V, 0.26 mA, 0.017% energy efficiency) was generated with 1.7 s duration. In constant pressure experiment, a power generator was equipped with a foot press unit with a 60 kg weight (830 kPa) and 50 mL of water. Using this filter, power of 3.8 mW (27 V, 0.14 mA, 0.021% energy efficiency) was generated at a water flow speed of 50 mm/s. In constant flow rate experiment, the optimum average pore radius of the filter for power generation was 12 μm. We employed powder sintering to fabricate the glass filter (2 cm diameter, 3 mm thickness) by packing a powder of borosilicate glass particles into a carbon mold and then thermally fusing this at 700☌ under pressure. We demonstrated a pressure driven energy harvesting device using water and that features a glass filter with porous channels.

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